ASSOCIATED BRITISH ENGINEERING PLC

NOTES TO THE INTERIM REPORT (continued)

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED 31 MARCH 2022

1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND JUDGEMENTS

Management are required, in accordance with IFRS, to exercise judgement and to make estimates and assumptions regarding the application of accounting policies and the resulting effect on reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income, and expenses. These estimates and assumptions are based on historical experience and a review of current conditions prevailing at the time but actual results may differ from these estimates. Any such revision is recognised in the financial statements in the period in which the change in circumstance is detected.

Accounting Judgements

The key areas where management have exercised judgement in the period, and the thought process undertaken, are as follows:

Deferred taxation

Judgement is applied by management in determining the extent to which the recovery of carried forward tax losses is probable for the purpose of meeting the criteria for recognition as deferred tax assets.

TAXATION

The tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.

 Current tax payable is based on the taxable profit or loss for the period.  Taxable profit differs from net profit as reported in the income statement because it excludes items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other periods and it further excludes items that are never taxable or deductible. The Group's liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date.

 Deferred tax is provided in full, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the consolidated financial statements. The deferred tax is not accounted for if it arises from initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction, other than a business combination, that at the time of the transaction affects neither accounting nor taxable profit nor loss. Deferred tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the balance sheet date and are expected to apply when the related deferred tax asset is realised or the deferred tax liability is settled.

 Deferred tax is provided on temporary differences arising on investments in subsidiaries, except where the timing of reversal of the temporary differences is controlled by the Group and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilised.

FOREIGN CURRENCIES

The functional and presentational currency of the parent company and its subsidiaries is UK Pound Sterling, rounded to the nearest thousand. Transactions in currencies other than the functional currency are translated at the rate ruling at the date of the transaction. At each balance sheet date, monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the rate of exchange ruling at the balance sheet date. Any gains or losses arising are taken to the income statement.

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ASSOCIATED BRITISH ENGINEERING PLC

NOTES TO THE INTERIM REPORT (continued)

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED 31 MARCH 2022

1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

  Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand, demand deposits, and other short-term highly liquid investments that have maturities of three months or less from inception, are readily convertible to a known amount of cash and are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

  FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Financial liabilities and equity instruments are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into.

Where the contractual obligations of financial instruments (including share capital) are equivalent to a similar debt instrument, those financial instruments are classed as financial liabilities and are presented as such in the balance sheet. Finance costs and gains or losses relating to financial liabilities are included in the income statement.  Finance costs are calculated so as to produce a constant rate of charge on the outstanding liability. Where none of the contractual terms of share capital meet the definition of a financial liability then this is classed as an equity instrument.  Dividends and distributions relating to equity instruments are debited direct to equity.

Trade and other receivables

Trade and other receivables are originally recognised at fair value. Subsequent measurement is at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method. A provision against trade receivables is made when there is objective evidence that the group will not be able to collect all amounts due to it in accordance with the original terms of those receivables.

Trade and other payables

Trade and other payables are originally recognised at fair value, net of transaction costs.  Subsequent measurement is at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method.

Investments in securities

 Investments are recognised and derecognised on a trade date where a purchase or sale of an investment is under a contract whose terms require delivery of the investment within the timeframe established by the market concerned, and are initially measured at fair value, with all transaction costs being written off to the income statement as incurred. Investments are classified as available for sale and are measured at subsequent reporting dates at fair value. Gains and losses arising from changes in fair value of available for sale financial assets are included in other comprehensive income for the period. When the asset is disposed of or deemed to be impaired, the cumulative gain or loss is

 reclassified from equity reserve to income statement.

 EQUITY AND RESERVES

 Share capital represents the nominal value of shares that have been issued except for the preference shares classified as debt. Deferred shares represent shares arising from the sub-division of ordinary  shares of £2.

 Share premium includes any premiums received on issue of share capital.  Any transaction costs associated with the issuing of shares are deducted from share premium, net of any related income tax benefits. Retained earnings include all current and prior period retained profits and losses. Available for sale reserve includes all gains and losses relating to Available for Sale financial assets. Other reserves relate to movements not classified in any of the reserves detailed above. Revaluation reserve includes all gains and losses relating to Property, Plant and Equipment. All transactions with owners of the parent are recorded separately within equity.

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ASSOCIATED BRITISH ENGINEERING PLC

NOTES TO THE INTERIM REPORT (continued)

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED 31 MARCH 2022

SEGMENTAL REPORTING

  The standard requires financial information to be disclosed in the financial statements in the same format in which it is disclosed to the chief operating decision-maker. The chief decision-maker has been identified as the Board, at which level strategic decisions are made.

2. SEGMENTAL ANALYSIS

All revenue originates in the United Kingdom.

In the periods ended 31 March 2022 and 31 March 2021, save for dollar bank accounts, all of the assets held by the Group were located in the United Kingdom and all capital expenditure was incurred within the United Kingdom

Operating segments

The following segment information has been prepared in accordance with IFRS 8, "Operating Segments", which defines requirements for the disclosure of financial information of an entity's operating segments.

The Board consider the Group on an individual company basis. Reports by individual companies are used by the chief decision-maker in the Group. Significant operating segments are Associated British Engineering Plc and Akoris Trading Limited.

The Group's operations are located in the United Kingdom.  Any transactions between business units are on normal commercial terms and conditions.

Akoris Trading Limited is a commodity and natural resource trading, finance and investment company.Associated British Engineering Plc is the Group's holding company.

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